Overview

Hemorrhoids (HEM-uh-roids), also called piles, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. Hemorrhoids are similar to varicose veins. Hemorrhoids can develop inside the rectum, called internal hemorrhoids. They also can develop under the skin around the anus, called external hemorrhoids.

There are several options available to treat hemorrhoids. Many people get relief with home treatments and lifestyle changes.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hemorrhoids usually depend on the type of hemorrhoid.

Internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids lie inside the rectum. You usually can’t see or feel them, and they rarely cause discomfort. But straining or irritation when passing stool can cause:

  • Painless bleeding during bowel movements. You might notice small amounts of bright red blood on your toilet tissue or in the toilet.
  • A hemorrhoid to push through the anal opening, called a prolapsed or protruding hemorrhoid. This may result in pain and irritation.

External hemorrhoids

These are under the skin around the anus. Symptoms might include:

  • Itching or irritation in the anal region.
  • Pain or discomfort.
  • Swelling around the anus.
  • Bleeding.

Thrombosed hemorrhoids

Blood can pool in an external hemorrhoid and form a clot, called a thrombus. A thrombosed hemorrhoid can result in:

  • Severe pain.
  • Swelling.
  • Inflammation.
  • A hard, discolored lump near the anus.

When to see a doctor

If you have bleeding during bowel movements or you have hemorrhoids that don’t improve after a week of home care, talk to your health care provider.

Don’t assume rectal bleeding is due to hemorrhoids, especially if you have changes in bowel habits or if your stools change in color or consistency. Rectal bleeding can happen with other diseases, including colorectal cancer and anal cancer.

Seek emergency care if you have large amounts of rectal bleeding, lightheadedness, dizziness or faintness.

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